Open AccessExtracellular matrix is modulated in advanced glycation end products milieu via a RAGE receptor dependent pathway boosted by transforming growth factor‐ β 1 在晚期糖基化终末产物环境中细胞外基质通过RAGE受体依赖性途径调节，转化生长因子‐ β 1可以促进这种调节
Author(s) -
Serban Andreea Iren,
Stanca Loredana,
Geicu Ovidiu Ionut,
Munteanu Maria Cristina,
Costache Marieta,
Dinischiotu Anca
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of diabetes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.949
H-Index - 43
eISSN - 1753-0407
pISSN - 1753-0393
DOI - 10.1111/1753-0407.12154
Subject(s) - rage (emotion) , glycation , endocrinology , medicine , downregulation and upregulation , extracellular matrix , transforming growth factor , advanced glycation end product , receptor , matrix metalloproteinase , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , biochemistry , neuroscience , gene
Background Interstitial fibrosis is induced by imbalances in extracellular matrix homeostasis. Advanced glycation end products ( AGEs ) can bind and activate the receptor for AGEs ( RAGE ), which is involved in diabetic nephropathy. We set out to identify the role of AGEs in producing alterations leading to matrix hypertrophy and the pathway through which aminoguanidine, as well as anti‐ RAGE and anti‐transforming growth factor ( TGF )‐ β 1 antibody treatments could prevent these modifications. Methods Human embryonic kidney ( HEK ‐293) cells were exposed to glycated bovine serum albumin ( AGE‐BSA ) and co‐treated with neutralizing antibodies or aminoguanidine. The effects on the transcriptional and translational levels of RAGE , TGF ‐ β 1 and collagen IV were evaluated, while metalloproteinase activity was assessed by gelatin zymography. Results AGE‐BSA (200 μ g/mL) upregulated RAGE's expression, while TGF ‐ β 1 synthesis and the formation of its bioactive form were increased in a dose‐dependent manner by AGEs . AGE‐BSA exposure increased both matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) activity and collagen IV synthesis, boosted by TGF ‐ β 1 upregulation. Aminoguanidine's effects revealed that small concentrations (10 μmol/L) enhance AGE‐BSA effects, by increasing the expression of RAGE and TGF ‐ β 1, while higher concentrations (100 μmol/L) contribute to their downregulation. Conclusions Although AGEs regulate RAGE and TGF ‐ β 1 by distinct pathways, RAGE activation leads to a further increase of TGF ‐ β 1 levels. MMP ‐2 activity seems to rely on TGF ‐ β 1, while MMP ‐9 was dependent on RAGE . These factors converge to control collagen IV turnover. Furthermore, although the antibody treatments might appear more efficient than AG in decreasing collagen IV levels, the cells compensate the RAGE and TGF ‐ β 1 blockade by increasing the mRNA expression of these proteins.