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Prevalence and risk factors for gallstone disease: A population‐based cross‐sectional study
Author(s) -
Song Sen Tao,
Shi Jian,
Wang Xiao Hang,
Guo Yi Bin,
Hu Ping Fang,
Zhu Feng,
Zeng Xin,
Xie Wei Fen
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of digestive diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.684
H-Index - 51
eISSN - 1751-2980
pISSN - 1751-2972
DOI - 10.1111/1751-2980.12857
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , gallstones , confidence interval , risk factor , cross sectional study , diabetes mellitus , population , waist , gastroenterology , demography , body mass index , endocrinology , environmental health , pathology , sociology
Objective To explore the prevalence of and risk factors for gallstone disease in Shanghai, China. Methods A population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted in Shanghai between 2016 and 2017. Using a three‐stage stratified sampling strategy, 4009 participants (1753 men and 2256 women) from 10 districts were enrolled. Results The overall prevalence of gallstones was 6.83% (6.22% for men vs 7.31% for women, P = 0.173). According to the multivariate analysis, individuals aged ≥40 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.058, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.110–4.433, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR 1.479, 95% CI 1.076–2.034, P = 0.016), thyroid disease (OR 1.409, 95% CI 1.029–1.928, P = 0.032), a family history of gallstones (OR 2.234, 95% CI 1.362–3.662, P = 0.001) and a waist‐to‐height ratio ≥0.5 (OR 1.656, 95% CI 1.197–2.292, P = 0.002) had an increased risk of developing gallstones. The risk of gallstone disease was 2.232 (95% CI 1.167–4.268, P = 0.015) times higher in individuals with elevated C4 levels than in those with normal C4 levels. Diabetes (OR 4.144, 95% CI 1.171–14.671, P = 0.028) was a risk factor for the formation of gallstones with diameters ≥1 cm, and men were more susceptible to develop multiple stones (OR 2.356, 95% CI 1.321–4.200, P = 0.004). Conclusion Individuals aged ≥40 years, with a history of hypertension and familial gallstones, a high waist‐to‐height ratio, thyroid disease and high C4 levels were related to an increased risk of gallstone disease.