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Aqueous extract prepared from steamed red amaranth ( Amaranthus gangeticus L.) leaves protected human lens cells against high glucose induced glycative and oxidative stress
Author(s) -
Hsiao LiWei,
Tsay Gregory J.,
Mong MeiChin,
Liu WenHu,
Yin MeiChin
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of food science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1750-3841
pISSN - 0022-1147
DOI - 10.1111/1750-3841.15822
Subject(s) - methylglyoxal , chemistry , oxidative stress , biochemistry , reactive oxygen species , aqueous solution , enzyme
HLE‐B3 cell line, a human lens epithelial cell line, was used to examine the anti‐glycative and anti‐oxidative protection of aqueous extract prepared from steamed red amaranth leaves against high glucose induced injury. Phytochemical profile of this aqueous extract was analyzed. HLE‐B3 cells were pretreated by this aqueous extract at 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1%, and followed by high glucose treatment. Results showed that the content of phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and triterpenoids in this aqueous extract was in the range of 1,107–2,861 mg/100 g dry weight. High glucose decreased cells viability and suppressed Bcl‐2 mRNA expression. This aqueous extract pretreatments raised 11–42% cell survival and upregulated 20–47% Bcl‐2 mRNA expression. High glucose reduced Na + ‐K + ATPase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). This aqueous extract raised 27–40% Na + ‐K + ATPase activity, and 18–51% MMP. High glucose stimulated the generation of total advanced glycative endproducts (AGEs), methylglyoxal, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This aqueous extract pretreatments lowered total AGEs, methylglyoxal, and ROS levels in the range of 0.38–1.17 folds, 1.7–4.9 nmol/mg protein, and 0.35–1.06 relative fluorescence unit/mg protein. High glucose upregulated mRNA expression of aldose reductase, nuclear factor kappa B, and p38. This aqueous extract pretreatments decreased mRNA expression of these factors in the range of 75–159%, 57–151%, and 54–166%. High glucose downregulated mRNA expression of nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). This aqueous extract pretreatments increased 12–38% Nrf2 mRNA expression. These results suggested that this aqueous extract might be a potent nutritional supplement to prevent diabetic retinopathy.