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In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Low‐Crystallinity Phytosterol Nanoparticles Generated Using Nanoporous Starch Bioaerogels
Author(s) -
Ubeyitogullari Ali,
Moreau Régis,
Rose Devin J.,
Ciftci Ozan N.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of food science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1750-3841
pISSN - 0022-1147
DOI - 10.1111/1750-3841.14673
Subject(s) - phytosterol , bioavailability , starch , chemistry , crystallinity , food science , resistant starch , pharmacology , crystallography , medicine
Abstract Phytosterols are natural health‐promoting bioactive compounds; however, phytosterols have very limited bioavailability due to their crystalline lipophilic structure. With the aim of improving bioaccessibility, low‐crystallinity phytosterol nanoparticles were generated by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO 2 ) impregnation of phytosterols into nanoporous starch aerogels (NSAs). The in vitro bioaccessibility of the phytosterol nanoparticles (35%) was significantly higher than that of the crude phytosterols (3%) after sequential oral, gastric, and intestinal digestion. The percentages of starch hydrolysis were not different among the various NSA preparations and reached to 64% after sequential digestion. The zeta potential of the phytosterol nanoparticles was higher compared to that of crude phytosterols in the micellar phase; indicating higher stability. The findings of this study support the use of NSA to produce nanoparticles of reduced crystallinity to improve the bioaccessibility of the lipophilic bioactive compounds. Practical Applications This novel process can decrease the size and crystallinity of phytosterols and thus improve phytosterols’ bioavailability. It is a blueprint to apply to other water insoluble food bioactives. This novel approach may (i) improve the health benefits of water‐insoluble bioactives; (ii) enable food manufacturers to add water‐insoluble bioactives into low‐ and high‐fat foods to produce health‐promoting foods; and (iii) enhance the cost‐benefit ratio of water insoluble bioactives.