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Effects of 1α,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on Pro‐inflammatory Cytokines of Palmitic Acid Treated Thp‐1 Cells
Author(s) -
d'Arqom Annette,
Luangwedchakarn Voravich,
Umrod Pinklow,
Wongprompitak Patimaporn,
Tantibhedyangkul Wiwit
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of food science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1750-3841
pISSN - 0022-1147
DOI - 10.1111/1750-3841.13966
Subject(s) - thp1 cell line , palmitic acid , chemistry , biochemistry , biology , cell culture , fatty acid , genetics
The level of saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (PA), correlates with chronic inflammation in obese and metabolic syndrome patients. However, low level of vitamin D 3 is observed in those conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate effects of 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 on PA‐treated THP‐1 cells. Using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, we measure mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines: TNF‐α, Interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and chemokine IL‐8 under PA and 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 influence. PA, at all concentrations (25–100 μM), enhanced LPS stimulatory effect on those mRNA expression compared to LPS‐treated and ‐untreated cells. Combination with 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 increased cytokine expression at high (10 −6 M) and high‐normal (10 −8 M) concentrations compared to PA + LPS and LPS alone, both for 2 and 24 h. However, low‐normal (10 −10 M) and low (10 −12 M) levels of 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 could not enhance PA effect, but mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokine was higher than LPS‐treated cells. Upstream pathway of 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 , which is cholecalciferol, also gave the similar result. Further, inhibition of calcium pathway does not play a role in this mechanism. Thus, these findings support pro‐inflammatory effect of PA and vitamin D 3 on innate immune response, especially on fat‐induced inflammation. Practical Application The effect of vitamin D 3 on chronic inflammation in obesity is uncertain. This study shows an in vitro possibility that vitamin D 3 could exaggerate inflammation when combined with high SFAs. The idea of using vitamin D 3 supplement to modulate inflammation in fat‐related inflammation needs further refined experiments before its clinical application.