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Tocol Composition and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Lipids from Barley Pearling Flour
Author(s) -
Temelli F.,
Stobbe K.,
Rezaei K.,
Vasanthan T.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of food science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1750-3841
pISSN - 0022-1147
DOI - 10.1111/1750-3841.12271
Subject(s) - supercritical carbon dioxide , carbon dioxide , extraction (chemistry) , composition (language) , chemistry , supercritical fluid , food science , supercritical fluid extraction , chromatography , organic chemistry , linguistics , philosophy
Samples of whole grain and 35% pearling flour of 20 different barley varieties grown in Alberta were analyzed for their lipid contents. Total lipid contents of whole grains were within 1.9% to 3.0% (w/w), whereas those of the 35% pearling flour were 4.3% to 7.9%. Lipids of 35% pearling flour fraction of Tercel barley were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO 2 ) at different pressures (24, 45, and 58 MPa) and temperatures (40 and 60 °C) for 3 h. Lipid recoveries of 73% to 97% were achieved using SC‐CO 2 extraction under different operational conditions. Tocol contents and compositions of whole grain, 35% pearling flour, and SC‐CO 2 extracts were analyzed using HPLC. Tocol content of the whole grain was 53.8 to 124.9 μ g/g and that of the pearling flour was 195 to 363 μ g/g of flour. The hulless barley varieties were higher in tocols, with waxy, double waxy and Tercel varieties having the highest levels ( P < 0.05). The ratios of total tocotrienols to total tocopherols varied within 1.6 to 3.9 range. Tocol concentrations of SC‐CO 2 extract fractions varied from 1171 to 4391 μ g/g extract depending on the operational conditions. Barley oil is a good natural source of different tocol isomers rich in tocotrienols.