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Regulatory mechanisms of microbial homeostasis in insect gut
Author(s) -
Bai Shuai,
Yao Zhichao,
Raza Muhammad Fahim,
Cai Zhaohui,
Zhang Hongyu
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
insect science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.991
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1744-7917
pISSN - 1672-9609
DOI - 10.1111/1744-7917.12868
Subject(s) - biology , homeostasis , gut flora , insect , microbiology and biotechnology , signal transduction , immune system , microbiome , nadph oxidase , reactive oxygen species , ecology , immunology , bioinformatics
Insects live in incredibly complex environments. The intestinal epithelium of insects is in constant contact with microorganisms, some of which are beneficial and some harmful to the host. Insect gut health and function are maintained through multidimensional mechanisms that can proficiently remove foreign pathogenic microorganisms while effectively maintaining local symbiotic microbial homeostasis. The basic immune mechanisms of the insect gut, such as the dual oxidase–reactive oxygen species (Duox‐ROS) system and the immune deficiency (Imd)‐signaling pathway, are involved in the maintenance of microbial homeostasis. This paper reviews the role of physical defenses, the Duox‐ROS and Imd signaling pathways, the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway, and intestinal symbiotic flora in the homeostatic maintenance of the insect gut microbiome.