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Effects of Manipulative Instruction on Solving Area and Perimeter Problems by Students with Learning Disabilities
Author(s) -
Cass Mike,
Cates Dennis,
Smith Michelle,
Jackson Cynthia
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
learning disabilities research and practice
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.018
H-Index - 21
eISSN - 1540-5826
pISSN - 0938-8982
DOI - 10.1111/1540-5826.00067
Subject(s) - perimeter , mathematics education , psychology , learning disability , pencil (optics) , special education , developmental psychology , mathematics , mechanical engineering , geometry , engineering
. A multiple baseline design was employed to test the effect of manipulative instruction on the perimeter and area problem‐solving performance of middle and high school students who had been diagnosed with LD in the area of mathematics. Modeling, prompting/guided practice, and independent practice in conjunction with manipulative training were employed to teach both perimeter and area problem‐solving skills. Analysis of data revealed that the students rapidly acquired the problem‐solving‐skills, maintained these skills over a two‐month period, and transferred these skills to a paper and pencil problem‐solving format. This research extends previous findings by revealing that use of concrete manipulatives promotes the long‐term maintenance of skills.