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The Effects of Job Insecurity on Health Care Utilization: Findings from a Panel of U.S. Workers
Author(s) -
Hamad Rita,
Modrek Sepideh,
Cullen Mark R.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
health services research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.706
H-Index - 121
eISSN - 1475-6773
pISSN - 0017-9124
DOI - 10.1111/1475-6773.12393
Subject(s) - layoff , health care , recession , medicine , panel data , job insecurity , demographic economics , population , environmental health , unemployment , demography , economics , economic growth , work (physics) , mechanical engineering , sociology , keynesian economics , engineering , econometrics
Objective To examine the impacts of job insecurity during the recession of 2007–2009 on health care utilization among a panel of U.S. employees. Data Sources/Study Setting Linked administrative and claims datasets on a panel of continuously employed, continuously insured individuals at a large multisite manufacturing firm that experienced widespread layoffs ( N = 9,486). Study Design We employed segmented regressions to examine temporal discontinuities in utilization during 2006–2012. To assess the effects of job insecurity, we compared individuals at high‐ and low‐layoff plants. Because the dataset includes multiple observations for each individual, we included individual‐level fixed effects. Principal Findings We found discontinuous increases in outpatient (3.5 visits/month/10,000 individuals, p = .002) and emergency (0.4 visits/month/10,000 individuals, p = .05) utilization in the panel of all employees. Compared with individuals at low‐layoff plants, individuals at high‐layoff plants decreased outpatient utilization (−4.0 visits/month/10,000 individuals, p = .008), suggesting foregone preventive care, with a marginally significant increase in emergency utilization (0.4 visits/month/10,000 individuals, p = .08). Conclusions These results suggest changes in health care utilization and potentially adverse impacts on employee health in response to job insecurity during the latest recession. This study contributes to our understanding of the impacts of economic crises on the health of the U.S. working population.