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Academic performance in adolescents aged 15–16 years born after frozen embryo transfer compared with fresh embryo transfer: a nationwide registry‐based cohort study
Author(s) -
Spangmose AL,
Malchau SS,
Henningsen AA,
Forman JL,
Rasmussen S,
Loft A,
Schmidt L,
Pinborg A
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
bjog: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.157
H-Index - 164
eISSN - 1471-0528
pISSN - 1470-0328
DOI - 10.1111/1471-0528.15484
Subject(s) - danish , intracytoplasmic sperm injection , embryo transfer , reproductive medicine , medicine , population , fertility , demography , cohort , cohort study , assisted reproductive technology , gynecology , in vitro fertilisation , obstetrics , pregnancy , biology , infertility , sociology , philosophy , linguistics , genetics
Objective To assess academic performance in singletons aged 15–16 years conceived after frozen embryo transfer ( FET ) compared with singletons born after fresh embryo transfer ( ET ) in Danish cohorts born from 1995 to 2001. Design Danish national registry‐based cohort study. Setting Danish national registries. Population All 6495 singletons conceived after assisted reproductive technology ( ART ) treatment in Denmark from 1995 to 2001 [ FET ( n ) = 423; fresh ET ( n ) = 6072]. Methods Mean test scores on a national standardised and international comparable grading‐scale. Comparisons of test score were first made in univariate analysis (Model 1) and secondly in a multivariate linear model (Model 2) adjusting for relevant reproductive and socio‐demographic covariates such as the occupational and educational level of the parents. Sensitivity analyses on FET‐IVF (in vitro fertilisation) versus fresh ET‐IVF and FET‐ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) versus fresh ET‐ICSI were made. Linear mixed models were used to account for the correlation in test scores of siblings for continuous outcome. Main outcome measures Mean overall test score and test score in Danish, mathematics, English, and physics/chemistry. Results Crude and adjusted mean test scores were similar for adolescents conceived after FET compared with fresh ET . The crude mean difference was +0.11 (95% CI −0.11; 0.34), and the adjusted mean difference was +0.12 (95% CI −0.09; 0.34). Conclusions Adolescents conceived after FET had similar academic performance at 15–16 of years of age compared with children conceived after fresh ET . Tweetable abstract Using frozen embryos in fertility treatment does not affect school performance in Danish adolescents aged 15–16 years.