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Childbirth and prolapse: long‐term associations with the symptoms and objective measurement of pelvic organ prolapse
Author(s) -
Glazener C,
Elders A,
MacArthur C,
Lancashire RJ,
Herbison P,
Hagen S,
Dean N,
Bain C,
ToozsHobson P,
Richardson K,
McDonald A,
McPherson G,
Wilson D
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
bjog: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.157
H-Index - 164
eISSN - 1471-0528
pISSN - 1470-0328
DOI - 10.1111/1471-0528.12075
Subject(s) - medicine , childbirth , vaginal delivery , obstetrics , caesarean section , forceps , body mass index , odds ratio , logistic regression , uterine prolapse , pregnancy , gynecology , surgery , genetics , biology
Objectives To investigate prolapse symptoms and objectively measured pelvic organ prolapse, 12 years after childbirth, and association with delivery mode history. Design Twelve‐year longitudinal study. Setting Maternity units in Aberdeen, Birmingham and Dunedin. Population Women dwelling in the community. Methods Data from women were collected 12 years after an index birth and women were invited for examination. Logistic regression investigated associations between risk factors and prolapse symptoms and signs. Main outcome measures Prolapse symptom score ( POP ‐ SS ); objectively measured prolapse ( POP ‐Q). Results Of 7725 continuing women, 3763 (49%) returned questionnaires at 12 years. The median POP ‐ SS score was 2 ( IQR 0–4). One or more forceps deliveries ( OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04–1.38) and a body mass index ( BMI ) over 25 were associated with higher (worse) POP ‐ SS scores, but age over 25 years at first delivery was associated with lower (better) scores. There was no protective effect if all deliveries were by caesarean section ( OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.69–1.02). Objective prolapse was found in 182/762 (24%) women. Women aged over 30 years when having their first baby and parity were significantly associated with prolapse. Compared with women whose births were all spontaneous vaginal deliveries, women who had all births by caesarean section were the least likely to have prolapse ( OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.38), and there was a reduced risk after forceps or a mixture of spontaneous vaginal delivery and caesarean section. Conclusions These findings are at odds with each other, suggesting that prolapse symptoms and objective prolapse may not be in concordance, or are associated with different antecedent factors. Further follow‐up is planned.