Confessional Calvinism and Evangelical Assurance: I saac N elson, U lster Revivalism and the Assurance Controversy in the P resbyterian Church in I reland, c .1859–1867

The issue of the relationship between Calvinism and assurance is one that has vexed historians and theologians alike. D avid W . M iller, a distinguished historian of religion, once argued that Calvinism and assurance of personal salvation were wholly incompatible. This article seeks to use a biographical case study of one of U lster P resbyterianism's most significant figures in order to illuminate our understanding of a much wider historiographical debate. The 1859 Revival was supposed to have furthered the cause of evangelicalism, while I saac N elson's denomination (the P resbyterian Church in I reland) was its main beneficiary. N elson, however, did not believe that the Revival was congenial to the orthodoxy of evangelical P resbyterianism. In particular, he took exception to views of assurance popularized during this movement, which appeared to be more in line with Methodist Arminianism than with Reformed orthodoxy. In the years subsequent to the Revival, debate raged within the Irish P resbyterian Church as to whether or not revivalist notions of assurance were compatible with the Westminster Confession. The anti‐revivalist W illiam D obbin charged the revivalist R obert C rawford with holding heterodox opinions, only for the latter to be acquitted by the General Assembly. Most existing scholarship on the Assurance Controversy has concentrated on the debate between D obbin and C rawford; this tendency has unhelpfully obscured both important nuances and the wider significance of the debate. By concentrating on the arguments of N elson, the broader issue of confessional C alvinism's fraught relationship with popular evangelical conceptions of C hristian assurance can be understood more clearly.