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The ‘Unnatural and Retrograde Order’: Adam Smith’s Theories of Trade and Development Reconsidered
Author(s) -
Blecker Robert A.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
economica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.532
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1468-0335
pISSN - 0013-0427
DOI - 10.1111/1468-0335.00096
Subject(s) - adam smith , economics , order (exchange) , trade theory , interpretation (philosophy) , neoclassical economics , spontaneous order , invisible hand , free trade , mathematical economics , philosophy , international trade , market economy , linguistics , finance
This paper extends some new interpretations of Adam Smith’s theory of trade by reconciling what have previously been regarded as his three separate theories of absolute advantage, market‐widening and vent‐for‐surplus. However, this reconstruction of Smith’s trade theory is shown to be inconsistent with his theory of the natural stages of economic development in Book III of the Wealth of Nations . Rather, the interpretation of Smith’s trade theory proposed here is more consistent with Smith’s analysis of the ‘unnatural and retrograde order’, which was the actual development path of western Europe.