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Ecosystem impacts of pesticide reductions through Bt cotton adoption
Author(s) -
Veettil Prakashan Chellattan,
Krishna Vijesh V.,
Qaim Matin
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
australian journal of agricultural and resource economics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.683
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1467-8489
pISSN - 1364-985X
DOI - 10.1111/1467-8489.12171
Subject(s) - externality , pesticide , agrochemical , environmental quality , production (economics) , environmental science , bt cotton , genetically modified crops , ecosystem , pesticide application , business , agricultural science , natural resource economics , toxicology , microbiology and biotechnology , economics , agriculture , agronomy , ecology , biology , biochemistry , transgene , gene , macroeconomics
This article examines the ecosystem impacts of transgenic Bt cotton technology resulting from reduced chemical pesticide use. Employing unique panel data from smallholder farmers in India, negative environmental and health effects of pesticide use are quantified with the environmental impact quotient ( EIQ ), with and without Bt technology. An environmentally sensitive dynamic production function is estimated, treating the environmental risk of pesticide toxicity as an undesirable output in the production process. Negative externalities are significantly lower in Bt than in conventional cotton. The reduction in EIQ through Bt technology adoption has increased from 39 per cent during 2002–2004 to 68 per cent during 2006–2008. Bt adoption has also contributed to higher environmental efficiency. Environmental efficiency is influenced by the quality of Bt technology: high‐quality Bt seeds are associated with higher environmental efficiency than lower‐quality seeds.