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Structure of the Indonesian Emotion Lexicon
Author(s) -
Shaver Phillip R.,
Murdaya Upekkha,
Fraley R. Chris
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
asian journal of social psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.5
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1467-839X
pISSN - 1367-2223
DOI - 10.1111/1467-839x.00086
Subject(s) - psychology , superordinate goals , anger , indonesian , sadness , emotion classification , happiness , lexicon , contrast (vision) , social psychology , affective science , cognitive psychology , linguistics , artificial intelligence , computer science , philosophy
Based on a prototype approach to emotion concepts, two studies were conducted: (1) to identify the mental state words that Indonesian speakers are most certain name emotions ( perasaan hati ) and (2) to map the hierarchical and family‐resemblance structure of the top 124 emotion concepts. As in an earlier study of emotion terms in American English (Shaver, Schwartz, Kirson, & O'Connor, 1987), cluster analysis of sorting data collected in Indonesia revealed five basic‐level emotion categories: cinta (love), senang (happiness), marah (anger), kawatir/takut (anxiety/fear), and sedih (sadness). Also in line with the American results, the five basic‐level categories formed two large categories at the superordinate level: positive emotions and negative emotions. Each of the five basic‐level categories contained several subordinate‐level categories, totaling 31 in all. The results suggest that the emotion lexicons, and corresponding conceptualizations of the emotion domain, in Indonesia and the U.S.A. are similar at the superordinate and basic levels but somewhat variable at the subordinate level. This outcome – like other kinds of psychological research on emotions and emotion concepts – suggests that the gross structure of representations of the emotion domain are similar worldwide, perhaps for biological reasons, but that different cultures make different fine‐grained distinctions and emphasize different subordinate‐level emotion concepts.