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Social and object support for early symbolic play
Author(s) -
Striano Tricia,
Tomasello Michael,
Rochat Philippe
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
developmental science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.801
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 1467-7687
pISSN - 1363-755X
DOI - 10.1111/1467-7687.00186
Subject(s) - psychology , object (grammar) , the symbolic , symbol (formal) , action (physics) , communication , symbolic interactionism , social psychology , developmental psychology , cognitive psychology , linguistics , computer science , artificial intelligence , psychoanalysis , philosophy , physics , quantum mechanics
In this study we sought to determine the degree to which 2‐ to 3‐year‐old children use objects symbolically in the relative absence of adult symbolic actions or linguistic descriptions, and how the nature of objects influences symbolic play. Results revealed a dramatic increase in children’s creative symbolic productions between 2 and 3 years of age, with the tendency to produce symbolic actions influenced to an equal degree by adult symbolic action models and verbal directions. Children of all ages were heavily influenced by the nature of the object to be used as a symbol, with the youngest children using only replica objects as symbols. In a second study, we examined children’s looks to an adult as they engaged in different kinds of activities with objects. The main finding was that children looked to the adult immediately after performing a symbolic action more often than if they performed an instrumental action. We argue for the essentially social nature of symbolic play, both in terms of how children learn to use objects as symbols and in terms of the reasons they do so.