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Property Rights and the Environment in Pastoral China: Evidence from the Field
Author(s) -
Banks Tony
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
development and change
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.267
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1467-7660
pISSN - 0012-155X
DOI - 10.1111/1467-7660.00223
Subject(s) - tragedy of the commons , rangeland , property rights , land tenure , commons , china , common ownership , common pool resource , rangeland management , incentive , tragedy (event) , pastoralism , collective action , economics , livestock , geography , political science , economic system , development economics , sociology , agroforestry , market economy , agriculture , law , social science , politics , biology , archaeology , forestry , microeconomics
It is widely perceived that the degradation of China’s rangelands has accelerated since the introduction of rural reforms in the late 1970s. The popular explanation for this phenomenon has been that a ‘tragedy of the commons’ exists, as privately‐owned livestock are being grazed on ‘common’ land. Since the passing of the Rangeland Law in 1985, Chinese pastoral tenure policy has emphasized the establishment of individual household tenure as a necessary condition for improving incentives for sustainable rangeland management. Yet household tenure has yet to be effectively established in many pastoral regions. The first objective of this article is to describe pastoral tenure arrangements in northern Xinjiang‐Uygur Autonomous Region. Its second objective is to explain pastoral tenure arrangements, particularly the observed persistence of collective action. It is argued that there is no ‘tragedy of the commons’ and that it is characteristics of rangeland resources and the social environment that give rise to the particular types of institutional arrangements found.