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Experimental evidence for long‐term coexistence of copiotrophic and oligotrophic bacteria in pelagic surface seawater
Author(s) -
Li Yi,
Wang ZhiBin,
Zhang XiYing,
Dang YanRu,
Sun LinLin,
Zhang WeiPeng,
Fu HuiHui,
Yang GuiPeng,
Wang Min,
McMinn Andrew,
Chen XiuLan,
Chen Yin,
Wang Shi,
Zhang YuZhong,
Qin QiLong
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
environmental microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.954
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1462-2920
pISSN - 1462-2912
DOI - 10.1111/1462-2920.15321
Subject(s) - biology , seawater , bacteria , marine bacteriophage , pelagic zone , extracellular , nutrient , substrate (aquarium) , enzyme , proteases , ecology , botany , environmental chemistry , biochemistry , chemistry , genetics
Summary Most marine copiotrophic bacteria can produce extracellular enzymes to degrade biopolymers into bio‐available smaller solutes, while oligotrophic bacteria usually cannot. Bacterial extracellular enzymes and enzymatic products can be a common resource that could be utilized by both copiotrophs and oligotrophs; when present, oligotrophs may outcompete the enzyme‐producing copiotrophs. However, copiotrophs and oligotrophs consistently coexist in the ocean. How they maintain coexistence has still not been experimentally studied. In this study, the interaction and coexistence of a copiotroph and an oligotroph, isolated from the same surface seawater sample and utilizing the same proteinaceous substrate, were experimentally investigated. The copiotroph could secrete extracellular proteases to degrade and then utilize the proteinaceous substrate. The oligotroph was unable to utilize the proteinaceous substrate by itself, but could grow by using the hydrolysate amino acids. The copiotroph outcompeted the oligotroph by adsorbing the amino acids quickly and having a higher growth rate in the rich medium. The oligotroph survived by adapting to low concentration of nutrients. The copiotroph and oligotroph were able to maintain long‐term (up to 142 days) coexistence in the laboratory. This study indicates that differences in the utilization of different concentrations of nutrients can drive the coexistence of marine copiotrophs and oligotrophs.