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A freshwater radiation of diplonemids
Author(s) -
Mukherjee Indranil,
Salcher Michaela M.,
Andrei AdrianŞtefan,
Kavagutti Vinicius Silva,
Shabarova Tanja,
Grujčić Vesna,
Haber Markus,
Layoun Paul,
Hodoki Yoshikuni,
Nakano Shinichi,
Šimek Karel,
Ghai Rohit
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
environmental microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.954
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1462-2920
pISSN - 1462-2912
DOI - 10.1111/1462-2920.15209
Subject(s) - biology , freshwater ecosystem , abundance (ecology) , freshwater fish , ecology , clade , metagenomics , marine habitats , marine ecosystem , habitat , ribosomal rna , lineage (genetic) , 18s ribosomal rna , phylogenetics , zoology , ecosystem , fishery , fish <actinopterygii> , gene , genetics
Summary Diplonemids are considered marine protists and have been reported among the most abundant and diverse eukaryotes in the world oceans. Recently we detected the presence of freshwater diplonemids in Japanese deep freshwater lakes. However, their distribution and abundances in freshwater ecosystems remain unknown. We assessed abundance and diversity of diplonemids from several geographically distant deep freshwater lakes of the world by amplicon‐sequencing, shotgun metagenomics and catalysed reporter deposition‐fluorescent in situ hybridization (CARD‐FISH). We found diplonemids in all the studied lakes, albeit with low abundances and diversity. We assembled long 18S rRNA sequences from freshwater diplonemids and showed that they form a new lineage distinct from the diverse marine clades. Freshwater diplonemids are a sister‐group to a marine clade, which are mainly isolates from coastal and bay areas, suggesting a recent habitat transition from marine to freshwater habitats. Images of CARD‐FISH targeted freshwater diplonemids suggest they feed on bacteria. Our analyses of 18S rRNA sequences retrieved from single‐cell genomes of marine diplonemids show they encode multiple rRNA copies that may be very divergent from each other, suggesting that marine diplonemid abundance and diversity both have been overestimated. These results have wider implications on assessing eukaryotic abundances in natural habitats by using amplicon‐sequencing alone.