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Guttation capsules containing hydrogen peroxide: an evolutionarily conserved NADPH oxidase gains a role in wars between related fungi
Author(s) -
Zhang Jian,
Miao Youzhi,
Rahimi Mohammad Javad,
Zhu Hong,
Steindorff Andrei,
Schiessler Sabine,
Cai Feng,
Pang Guan,
Chenthamara Komal,
Xu Yu,
Kubicek Christian P.,
Shen Qirong,
Druzhinina Irina S.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
environmental microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.954
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1462-2920
pISSN - 1462-2912
DOI - 10.1111/1462-2920.14575
Subject(s) - biology , nadph oxidase , transcriptome , hypha , fusarium oxysporum , microbiology and biotechnology , nox1 , fungus , hydrogen peroxide , antagonism , caenorhabditis elegans , gene , reactive oxygen species , botany , biochemistry , gene expression , receptor
Summary When resources are limited, the hypocrealean fungus Trichoderma guizhouense can overgrow another hypocrealean fungus Fusarium oxysporum , cause sporadic cell death and arrest growth. A transcriptomic analysis of this interaction shows that T. guizhouense undergoes a succession of metabolic stresses while F. oxysporum responded relatively neutrally but used the constitutive expression of several toxin‐encoding genes as a protective strategy. Because of these toxins, T. guizhouense cannot approach it is potential host on the substrate surface and attacks F. oxysporum from above. The success of T. guizhouense is secured by the excessive production of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), which is stored in microscopic bag‐like guttation droplets hanging on the contacting hyphae. The deletion of NADPH oxidase nox1 and its regulator, nor1 in T. guizhouense led to a substantial decrease in H 2 O 2 formation with concomitant loss of antagonistic activity. We envision the role of NOX proteins in the antagonism of T. guizhouense as an example of metabolic exaptation evolved in this fungus because the primary function of these ancient proteins was probably not linked to interfungal relationships. In support of this, F. oxysporum showed almost no transcriptional response to T. guizhouense Δnox1 strain indicating the role of NOX/H 2 O 2 in signalling and fungal communication.