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Nosema ceranae in Apis mellifera : a 12 years postdetection perspective
Author(s) -
MartínHernández Raquel,
Bartolomé Carolina,
Chejanovsky Nor,
Le Conte Yves,
Dalmon Anne,
Dussaubat Claudia,
GarcíaPalencia Pilar,
Meana Aranzazu,
Pinto M. Alice,
Soroker Victoria,
Higes Mariano
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
environmental microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.954
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1462-2920
pISSN - 1462-2912
DOI - 10.1111/1462-2920.14103
Subject(s) - biology , nosema ceranae , beekeeping , honey bee , population , beeswax , zoology , microbiology and biotechnology , ecology , nosema , environmental health , microsporidia , medicine , biochemistry , spore , wax
Summary Nosema ceranae is a hot topic in honey bee health as reflected by numerous papers published every year. This review presents an update of the knowledge generated in the last 12 years in the field of N. ceranae research, addressing the routes of transmission, population structure and genetic diversity. This includes description of how the infection modifies the honey bee's metabolism, the immune response and other vital functions. The effects on individual honey bees will have a direct impact on the colony by leading to losses in the adult's population. The absence of clear clinical signs could keep the infection unnoticed by the beekeeper for long periods. The influence of the environmental conditions, beekeeping practices, bee genetics and the interaction with pesticides and other pathogens will have a direct influence on the prognosis of the disease. This review is approached from the point of view of the Mediterranean countries where the professional beekeeping has a high representation and where this pathogen is reported as an important threat.