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Alterations and correlations of the gut microbiome, metabolism and immunity in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Author(s) -
Lv LongXian,
Fang DaiQiong,
Shi Ding,
Chen DeYing,
Yan Ren,
Zhu YiXin,
Chen YanFei,
Shao Li,
Guo FeiFei,
Wu WenRui,
Li Ang,
Shi HaiYan,
Jiang XiaWei,
Jiang HuiYong,
Xiao YongHong,
Zheng ShuSen,
Li LanJuan
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
environmental microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.954
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1462-2920
pISSN - 1462-2912
DOI - 10.1111/1462-2920.13401
Subject(s) - biology , veillonella , microbiology and biotechnology , microbiome , ruminococcus , bacteroides , bacteroides fragilis , fusobacteria , proteobacteria , feces , bacteria , streptococcus , antibiotics , 16s ribosomal rna , bioinformatics , genetics
Summary We selected 42 early‐stage primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients and 30 healthy controls (HC). Metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the fecal microbiome. UPLC‐MS/MS assaying of small molecules was used to characterize the metabolomes of the serum, urine and feces. Liquid chip assaying of serum cytokines was used to characterize the immune profiles. The gut of PBC patients were depleted of some potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Acidobacteria, Lachnobacterium sp., Bacteroides eggerthii and Ruminococcus bromii , but were enriched in some bacterial taxa containing opportunistic pathogens, such as γ‐Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseriaceae, Spirochaetaceae , Veillonella , Streptococcus , Klebsiella , Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae , Anaeroglobus geminatus , Enterobacter asburiae , Haemophilus parainfluenzae , Megasphaera micronuciformis and Paraprevotella clara . Several altered gut bacterial taxa exhibited potential interactions with PBC through their associations with altered metabolism, immunity and liver function indicators, such as those of Klebsiella with IL‐2A and Neisseriaceae with urinary indoleacrylate. Many gut bacteria, such as some members of Bacteroides, were altered in their associations with the immunity and metabolism of PBC patients, although their relative abundances were unchanged. Consequently, the gut microbiome is altered and may be critical for the onset or development of PBC by interacting with metabolism and immunity.