Identification of bypass reactions leading to the formation of one central steroid degradation intermediate in metabolism of different bile salts in P seudomonas sp. strain C hol1

Summary The bile salts cholate, deoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate and lithocholate are released from vertebrates into soil and water where environmental bacteria degrade these widespread steroid compounds. It was investigated whether different enzymes are required for the degradation of these tri‐, di‐ and monohydroxylated bile salts in the model organism P seudomonas sp. strain C hol1. Experiments with available and novel mutants showed that the degradation of the C 5 ‐carboxylic side chain attached to the steroid skeleton is catalysed by the same set of enzymes. A difference was found for the degradation of partially degraded bile salts consisting of H ‐methylhexahydroindanone‐propanoates ( HIPs ). With deoxycholate and lithocholate, which lack a hydroxy group at C 7 of the steroid skeleton, an additional acyl‐coenzyme A ( CoA ) dehydrogenase was required for β‐oxidation of the C 3 ‐carboxylic side chain attached to the methylhexahydroindanone moiety. The β‐oxidation of this side chain could be measured in vitro . With cholate and deoxycholate, a reductive dehydroxylation of the C 12‐hydroxy group of HIP was required. Deletion of candidate genes for this reaction step revealed that a so‐far unknown steroid dehydratase and a steroid oxidoreductase were responsible for this CoA ‐dependent reaction. These results showed that all bile salts are channelled into a common pathway via bypass reactions with 3'‐hydroxy‐ HIP ‐ CoA as central intermediate.