Premium
Ecology and physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria
Author(s) -
Oshiki Mamoru,
Satoh Hisashi,
Okabe Satoshi
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
environmental microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.954
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1462-2920
pISSN - 1462-2912
DOI - 10.1111/1462-2920.13134
Subject(s) - anammox , biology , candidatus , ecology , planctomycetes , anoxic waters , bacteria , microbial ecology , environmental biotechnology , ecosystem , proteobacteria , nitrogen , 16s ribosomal rna , denitrification , chemistry , denitrifying bacteria , organic chemistry , genetics
Summary Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a microbial process in which NH 4 + is oxidized to N 2 gas with NO 2 − as an electron acceptor. The anammox process is mediated by bacterial members affiliated with the phylum P lanctomycetes , which are ubiquitously detected from anoxic natural and man‐made ecosystems and a key player in the global nitrogen cycle. In the past two decades, phylogenetically different anammox bacteria have been recognized in natural and synthetic ecosystems (i.e. ‘ C andidatus K uenenia’, ‘ C andidatu s B rocadia’, ‘ C andidatus J ettenia’, ‘ C andidatus A nammoxoglobus’ and ‘ C andidatus S calindua’ genera), and the geographic distributions of these anammox bacteria indicate that they have genus‐specific or species‐specific habitats. Recently, we revealed the physiological characteristics of ‘ C a . Jettenia’ in addition to ‘ C a . K uenenia’, ‘ C a . B rocadia’ and ‘ C a . S calindua’, and, as a result, it is possible to compare the physiological characteristics of the anammox bacteria and discuss their niche partitioning. Therefore, we summarize the current knowledge of anammox bacterial ecology and physiology in this review to assess the potential ecological niche partitioning of anammox bacteria in natural and synthetic ecosystems.