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Genetic variability and bottleneck detection of four T richoloma matsutake populations from northeastern and southwestern C hina
Author(s) -
Zeng DongFang,
Chen Bin
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
environmental microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.954
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1462-2920
pISSN - 1462-2912
DOI - 10.1111/1462-2920.12809
Subject(s) - biology , genetic diversity , population bottleneck , analysis of molecular variance , genetic variation , mantel test , population , genetic divergence , gene flow , evolutionary biology , biological dispersal , genetic structure , genetic variability , microsatellite , genetics , genotype , allele , gene , demography , sociology
Summary The excessive commercial collection of matsutake mushrooms can lead to extreme reduction of population size, which may cause genetic bottleneck and decrease genetic diversity of T richoloma matsutake . Here, six polymorphic microsatellite loci markers were used to examine the genetic diversity of four natural T . matsutake populations from two main producing regions of C hina. The minimum combinations of four loci were able to discriminate total 86 sampled individuals with distinctive multilocus genotypes. Our analysis of molecular variance ( AMOVA ) revealed that about 80% and 20% of the overall genetic variation were respectively partitioned within and among populations. The principal‐coordinate analyses ( PCA ) distinguished the four tested populations into three genetic clusters, each of which was correlated with respective endemic host plants on a geographical basis. The AMOVA , PCA and pairwise population F ST estimates consistently displayed the same genetic divergence patterns and spatial structure of T . matsutake mediated by host plants in C hina. The significant heterozygosity excesses demonstrated that a recent genetic bottleneck occurred in each population tested. The complementary M ‐ratio test indicated past genetic bottleneck events over longer periods. Only four individuals were identified as putative first generation migrants within northeastern C hina, which implies restricted interpopulation gene flow in T . matsutake . We discuss that the significant genetic differentiation among populations of T . matsutake is most likely a function of host adaptation, host specificity, genetic bottleneck, limited dispersal and habitat fragmentation.