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Agricultural soil and drilosphere as reservoirs of new and unusual assimilators of 2,4‐dichlorophenol carbon
Author(s) -
Dallinger Anja,
Horn Marcus A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
environmental microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.954
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1462-2920
pISSN - 1462-2912
DOI - 10.1111/1462-2920.12209
Subject(s) - earthworm , biology , mineralization (soil science) , environmental chemistry , lumbricidae , burrow , oligochaeta (plant) , pyrosequencing , soil microbiology , soil water , ecology , chemistry , biochemistry , gene
Summary 2,4‐Dichlorophenol (2,4‐ DCP ) is a potential soil and groundwater contaminant. Earthworms modulate growth and activities of soil microbiota. Thus, active 2,4‐ DCP degraders in agricultural soil and drilosphere (i.e. burrow walls, gut content and cast) were identified by comparative amplicon pyrosequencing‐based 16 S rRNA stable isotope probing in soil columns. In situ relevant concentrations of [ U ‐ 13 C ]2,4‐ DCP were consumed in soil within 19 and 41 days in the presence and absence of the endogeic earthworm A porrectodea caliginosa , respectively. [ U ‐ 14 C ]2,4‐ DCP mineralization was higher in cast, burrow wall and soil from columns with than without earthworms. [ U ‐ 14 C ]2,4‐ DCP mineralization was lowest in gut contents. Data indicated a strong impact of earthworms on the active microbial community. N ovosphingobium , C omamonas and D esulfitobacterium sp. assimilated 2,4‐ DCP ‐[ 13 C ] in the absence of earthworms. P seudomonas , F lavobacterium and C lostridium sp. assimilated 2,4‐ DCP ‐[ 13 C ] in the drilosphere. N ovosphingobium ‐ and V ariovorax ‐related taxa dominated [ U ‐ 13 C ]2,4‐ DCP consumers in soil slurries with drilosphere and bulk soil material. 16 S rRNA sequences suggested species level novelty. The collective data demonstrates that new B acteroidetes and A lphaproteobacteria / B etaproteobacteria were involved in 2,4‐ DCP ‐ C transformation and indicated that diverse and hitherto unknown microbes associated with carbon flow from 2,4‐ DCP are shaped by earthworms.