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Characterization and sources of dissolved and particulate phosphorus in 10 freshwater lakes with different trophic statuses in China by solution 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Author(s) -
Zhang Chen,
Feng Weiying,
Chen Haiyan,
Zhu Yuanrong,
Wu Fengchang,
Giesy John P.,
He Zhongqi,
Wang Hao,
Sun Fuhong
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
ecological research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.628
H-Index - 68
eISSN - 1440-1703
pISSN - 0912-3814
DOI - 10.1111/1440-1703.1006
Subject(s) - phosphorus , environmental chemistry , eutrophication , phosphate , particulates , chemistry , trophic level , pyrophosphate , nutrient , ecology , biology , biochemistry , enzyme , organic chemistry
Information on dissolved phosphorus (DP) and particulate phosphorus (PP) is essential to evaluate the P dynamics and control eutrophication. In this work, DP and PP in 10 freshwater lakes representing various trophic statuses were analyzed by solution 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results indicated that the predominant forms of DP and PP were orthophosphate (Ortho‐P) and monoester phosphate (Mono‐P). There was a greater concentration of Ortho‐P and Mono‐P in the water and particulate matter of medium‐eutriphic lakes than in lightly eutriphic or mesotrophic lakes. α‐Glycerophophate (2.7–32.5%), β‐glycerophosphate (1.3–23.4%), guanosine 2′Mono‐P (20.2–29.3%), inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) (8.3–36.4%) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) (17.3–35.9%) were identified as the major chemical forms of Mono‐P in water and particulate matter, which originate mainly from the degradation of labile diesters, aquatic/microbial sources and a combination of terrestrial and aquatic/microbial sources. Diester phosphate (Di‐P) was dominated by teichoic acid (0.5–14.8%) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (0.6–17.7%), which originated from aquatic/microbial sources. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that dissolved Mono‐P in water and particulate matter had a positive correlation with chlorophyll‐ a (Chl‐ a ), which indicated their potential bioavailability for algal activity. pH was a crucial parameter to control Di‐P, pyrophosphate (Pyro‐P) and polyphosphate (Poly‐P) in water. Mono‐P/PPs showed a positive correlation with Chl‐ a ( R 2 = 0.459), total phosphorus (TP) ( R 2 = 0.586) and the trophic status index ( R 2 = 0.588), which suggested that particulate Mono‐P can potentially contribute to lake eutrophication. Both Ortho‐P and Mono‐P were major contributors of P nutrients for algae, and therefore source control and new techniques are needed for reducing eutrophication.