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Spirulina supplementation and oxidative stress and pro‐inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials
Author(s) -
Mohiti Sara,
Zarezadeh Meysam,
Naeini Fatemeh,
Tutunchi Helda,
Ostadrahimi Alireza,
Ghoreishi Zohreh,
Ebrahimi Mamaghani Mehrangiz
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1440-1681
pISSN - 0305-1870
DOI - 10.1111/1440-1681.13510
Subject(s) - meta analysis , tbars , medicine , subgroup analysis , cochrane library , oxidative stress , strictly standardized mean difference , malondialdehyde , randomized controlled trial , thiobarbituric acid , gastroenterology , lipid peroxidation
Studies investigating the effects of spirulina on inflammation and oxidative stress status are controversial. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the impacts of spirulina supplementation on oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory markers. PubMed‐Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase databases and Google Scholar were searched up to 1 October 2020. Random‐effect analysis was applied to perform meta‐analysis. Subgroup analyses and multivariate meta‐regression were performed to find heterogeneity sources. Quality assessment was conducted using Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. A total of 11 studies that enrolled 465 subjects were included in our meta‐analysis. Pooled results demonstrated a significant increase in interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) concentrations [Standardized mean difference (SMD = 2.69 pg/mL; 95% CI: 0.26, 5.11; P = .03)]; however this result changed to insignificant (SMD = 0.54 pg/mL; 95% CI: −1.29, 2.27; P > .05) when sensitivity analysis performed. A marginal decreasing effect were also found on interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (SMD = −0.72 mg/dL; 95% CI: −1.50, 0.07; P = .073) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels (SMD = −0.65; 95% CI: −1.37, 0.08; P = .08). In addition, results of subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in IL‐6 and TBARS concentrations when the baseline body mass index (BMI) of participants was lower than 25 kg/m 2 . Moreover, spirulina had no significant effect on tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (SMD = −0.07 mg/dL; 95% CI: −0.33, 0.18; P = .56) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (SMD = −0.42; 95% CI: −0.98, 0.14; P = .14). Spirulina consumption contributed to a significant increase in IL‐2 concentrations changing to insignificant after sensitivity analysis and marginal decreasing effects on IL‐6 and TBARS levels. No considerable impacts were observed on TNF‐α and MDA concentrations.