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Identifying potential gaps in pesticide risk assessment: Terrestrial life stages of freshwater insects
Author(s) -
Rasmussen Jes Jessen,
WibergLarsen Peter,
BaattrupPedersen Annette,
Bruus Marianne,
Strandberg Beate,
Soerensen Peter Borgen,
Strandberg Morten Tune
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of applied ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.503
H-Index - 181
eISSN - 1365-2664
pISSN - 0021-8901
DOI - 10.1111/1365-2664.13048
Subject(s) - ecotoxicity , freshwater ecosystem , aquatic ecosystem , biodiversity , pesticide , terrestrial ecosystem , habitat , biology , ecology , ecosystem , risk assessment , environmental science , toxicity , chemistry , computer security , organic chemistry , computer science
Insecticides are important drivers of biodiversity loss and ecological impairment in freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater insects may be exposed to insecticides via water during larval/nymph stages and via air, habitats, and food during adult stages in the terrestrial environment. The aquatic risk assessment ( RA ) of pesticides does not consider terrestrial life stages, and a literature review revealed that pesticide ecotoxicity data for adult freshwater insects are very scarce and outdated. Consequently, it is not possible to assess how adult freshwater insects may be protected through RA programs for terrestrial non‐target organisms. We give guidance to generating and using of such ecotoxicity data focusing on species selection, test design and type of ecotoxicity information. Policy implications . This commentary considers how terrestrial stages of aquatic insects are protected by pesticide risk assessment ( RA ) and highlights the necessity of performing holistic risk assessment , focusing on organisms and populations as supplement to current subdivisions in element‐based compartments (e.g. aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems).