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Evaluating the success of wildlife crossing structures using genetic approaches and an experimental design: Lessons from a gliding mammal
Author(s) -
Soanes Kylie,
Taylor Andrea C.,
Sunnucks Paul,
Vesk Peter A.,
Cesarini Silvana,
Ree Rodney
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of applied ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.503
H-Index - 181
eISSN - 1365-2664
pISSN - 0021-8901
DOI - 10.1111/1365-2664.12966
Subject(s) - wildlife , biological dispersal , population , wildlife corridor , wildlife conservation , geography , wildlife management , ecology , arboreal locomotion , mammal , biology , habitat , demography , sociology
Millions of dollars are spent on wildlife crossing structures intended to reduce the barrier effects of roads on wildlife. However, we know little about the degree to which these structures facilitate dispersal and gene flow. Our study incorporates two elements that are rarely used in the evaluation of wildlife crossing structures: an experimental design including a before and after comparison, and the use of genetic techniques to demonstrate effects on gene flow at both population and individual levels. We evaluated the effect of wildlife crossing structures (canopy bridges and glider poles) on a gliding mammal, the squirrel glider ( Petaurus norfolcensis ). We genotyped 399 individuals at eight microsatellite markers to analyse population structure, first‐generation migrants and parentage relationships. We found that the freeway was not a complete genetic barrier, with a strong effect evident at only one site. We hypothesise that the presence of corridors alongside the freeway and throughout the surrounding landscape facilitated circuitous detours for squirrel gliders. Installing a crossing structure at the location with a strong barrier effect restored gene flow within just 5 years of mitigation.Synthesis and applications . Our study highlights the importance of using genetic techniques not just to evaluate the success of road‐crossing structures for wildlife, but also to guide their placement within the landscape. Managers wishing to reduce the effects of linear infrastructure on squirrel gliders and other arboreal mammals should aim to preserve and enhance vegetation along roadsides and within centre medians, as well as mitigate large gaps by implementing wildlife crossing structures.