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Calendar time interpolation of amplitude maps from 4D seismic data
Author(s) -
Kiær Anders Fredrik,
Eiken Ola,
Landrø Martin
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
geophysical prospecting
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.735
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1365-2478
pISSN - 0016-8025
DOI - 10.1111/1365-2478.12291
Subject(s) - interpolation (computer graphics) , amplitude , trilinear interpolation , geology , computer science , algorithm , multivariate interpolation , bilinear interpolation , artificial intelligence , optics , computer vision , physics , image (mathematics)
A calendar time interpolation method for 2D seismic amplitude maps, done in two steps, is presented. The contour interpolation part is formulated as a quadratic programming problem, whereas the amplitude value interpolation is based on a conditional probability formulation. The method is applied on field data from the Sleipner CO 2 storage project. The output is a continuous image (movie) of the CO 2 plume. Besides visualization, the output can be used to better couple 4D seismic to other types of data acquired. The interpolation uncertainty increases with the time gap between consecutive seismic surveys and is estimated by leaving a survey out (blind test). Errors from such tests can be used to identify problems in understanding the flow and possibly improve the interpolation scheme for a given case. Field‐life cost of various acquisition systems and repeat frequencies are linked to the time‐lapse interpolation errors. The error in interpolated amplitudes increased by 3%‐4% per year of interpolation gap for the Sleipner case. Interpolation can never fully replace measurements.