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Enhanced top‐down control of herbivore population growth on plants with impaired defences
Author(s) -
Legarrea Saioa,
Janssen Arne,
Dong Lin,
Glas Joris J.,
Houten Yvonne M.,
Scala Alessandra,
Kant Merijn R.
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
functional ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.272
H-Index - 154
eISSN - 1365-2435
pISSN - 0269-8463
DOI - 10.1111/1365-2435.14175
Subject(s) - biology , herbivore , population , compensatory growth (organ) , population growth , ecology , demography , sociology , kidney , endocrinology
Abstract Herbivore densities can be regulated by bottom‐up and top‐down forces such as plant defences and natural enemies, respectively. These forces can interact with each other to increase plant protection against herbivores; however, how much complementarity exists between bottom‐up and top‐down forces still remains to be fully elucidated. Particularly, because plant defences can hinder natural enemies, how these interactions affect herbivore performance and dynamics remains elusive. To address this topic, we performed laboratory and greenhouse bioassays with herbivorous mite pests and predatory mites on mutant tomato plants that lack defensive hairs on stems and leaves. Particularly, we investigated the behaviour and population dynamics of different phytophagous mite species in the absence and presence of predatory mites. We show that predatory mites do not only perform better on tomatoes lacking defensive hairs but also that they can suppress herbivore densities better and faster on these hairless plants. Hence, top‐down control of herbivores by natural enemies more than compensated the reduced bottom‐up herbivore control by plant defences. Our results lead to the counter‐intuitive insight that removing, instead of introducing, plant defence traits can result in superior protection against important pests through biological control. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.