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Soybean oil containing ginseng saponins as adjuvants promotes production of cytokines and enhances immune responses to foot‐and‐mouth disease vaccine
Author(s) -
Zhang Cenrong,
Xu Wei,
Chen Jian,
Guan Ran,
Bi Shicheng,
Jin Haibo,
Cui Xuemei,
Shi Fushan,
Hu Songhua
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
microbiology and immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.664
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1348-0421
pISSN - 0385-5600
DOI - 10.1111/1348-0421.12567
Subject(s) - adjuvant , immune system , ginseng , antigen , cytokine , biology , immunology , aphthovirus , foot and mouth disease , immunity , foot and mouth disease virus , pharmacology , virus , medicine , pathology , alternative medicine
In the present study, the adjuvant effect of soybean oil containing ginseng root saponins (SO‐GS‐R) on the immune response to foot‐and‐mouth disease vaccine (FMDV) in mice was investigated. When immunized with FMDV antigen emulsified in an SO‐GS‐R formulation, mice generated remarkably higher serum antibody and cytokine responses than mice immunized with FMDV antigen alone. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the adjuvant effect of SO‐GS‐R, we measured cytokines in serum and muscle tissue after intramuscular injection of SO‐GS‐R. The results showed that injection of SO‐GS‐R significantly increased the levels of IL‐1β, IL‐5, IL‐6, G‐CSF, KC, MCP‐1, MIP‐1α, and MIP‐1β in both serum and muscle. These results suggested that SO‐GS‐R recruits neutrophils, eosinophils, T cells and macrophages, causing immune cell recruitment at the injection site, driving antigen‐presenting cells to actively participate in the onset of immunity, and amplifying the immune responses. Considering its adjuvant activity and plant‐derived properties, SO‐GS‐R should be further studied for its adjuvant effect on vaccines used in food animals.