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Molecular evolution of VP3 , VP1 , 3 C pro and 3D pol coding regions in coxsackievirus group A type 24 variant isolates from acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in 2011 in Okinawa, Japan
Author(s) -
Nidaira Minoru,
Kuba Yumani,
Saitoh Mika,
Taira Katsuya,
Maeshiro Noriyuki,
Mahoe Yoko,
Kyan Hisako,
Takara Taketoshi,
Okano Sho,
Kudaka Jun,
Yoshida Hiromu,
Oishi Kazunori,
Kimura Hirokazu
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
microbiology and immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.664
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1348-0421
pISSN - 0385-5600
DOI - 10.1111/1348-0421.12141
Subject(s) - phylogenetic tree , biology , coxsackievirus , coding region , enterovirus , genetics , molecular evolution , sequence analysis , phylogenetics , genotype , outbreak , virology , gene , virus
A large acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) outbreak occurred in 2011 in Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. Ten strains of coxsackievirus group A type 24 variant (CA24v) were isolated from patients with AHC and full sequence analysis of the VP3 , VP1 , 3C pro and 3D pol coding regions performed. To assess time‐scale evolution, phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method. In addition, similarity plots were constructed and pairwise distance ( p ‐distance) and positive pressure analyses performed. A phylogenetic tree based on the VP1 coding region showed that the present strains belong to genotype 4 (G4). In addition, the present strains could have divided in about 2010 from the same lineages detected in other countries such as China, India and Australia. The mean rates of molecular evolution of four coding regions were estimated at about 6.15 to 7.86 × 10 −3 substitutions/site/year. Similarity plot analyses suggested that nucleotide similarities between the present strains and a prototype strain (EH24/70 strain) were 0.77–0.94. The p ‐distance of the present strains was relatively short (<0.01). Only one positive selected site (L25H) was identified in the VP1 protein. These findings suggest that the present CA24v strains causing AHC are genetically related to other AHC strains with rapid evolution and emerged in around 2010.