How Universal Adhesive Systems With Nanoencapsulated Flavonoids Improve Long‐Term Bonding to Caries‐Affected Dentin

ABSTRACT Objectives To determine the presence of nano‐encapsulated flavonoids and their effect in universal adhesives on resin‐dentin bond‐strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) on artificial caries‐affected dentin (CAD) after 24‐h and 6 months of water storage (WS). Materials and Methods Artificial CAD was created on the occlusal dentin surfaces of 60 human third molars by a microbiological assay. Nanoencapsulated quercetin (Q) and naringin (N) were incorporated into Prime&Bond Universal (PBU; Dentsply‐Sirona) and Single Bond Universal (SBU, 3M ESPE). The adhesive systems with and without (control) flavonoids were applied to the CAD surface, and a 4‐mm resin composite block (TPH Spectrum, Dentsply Sirona) was built up and light‐cured. Specimens were sectioned into resin‐dentin beams (0.8 mm 2 ). The hybrid layer (HL) was subjected to micro‐Raman analysis to detect N and Q. The specimens were tested in tension in a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. μTBS and NL tests were performed after 24‐h and WS. μTBS and NL data were analyzed using a nonparametric three‐way ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni's test ( α  = 5%). Results Q and N were detected within the HL. N and Q nanocapsules increased μTBS and reduced NL values after WS. At 24 h, the PBU group showed higher NL values than the SBU group, and the values decreased after WS. Conclusions Incorporating nanoencapsulated flavonoids may improve the longevity of universal bonding systems applied to CAD. Clinical Relevance Adhesive restorations incorporating nanoencapsulated quercetin or naringin might be a promising alternative for achieving long‐term bonding stability.