Three‐Year Outcomes of Dental Implants With a Hybrid Surface Macro‐Design Placed in Patients With History of Periodontitis: A Randomised Clinical Trial

ABSTRACT Aim This randomised controlled trial (RCT) with a 3‐year follow‐up was aimed at assessing the clinical and radiographic outcomes of implants with either a hybrid or moderately rough macro‐surface design placed in patients with a history of periodontitis. Material and Methods Forty periodontitis subjects with a stable periodontal condition were included and randomly assigned to receive either a hybrid implant with a machined‐collar surface (HS) or a conventional implant with a moderately rough‐collar surface up to the shoulder (RS). Radiographic, clinical, microbiological and patient‐related outcome measurements (PROMs) were assessed at baseline (implant loading) and 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months post‐loading. Results Thirty‐six patients (17 and 19, in the test and control groups, respectively) completed the three‐year follow‐up. At this visit, mean marginal bone level (MBL) changes were −0.08 (SD 0.2) and 0.02 (SD 0.28) mm for the test and control groups, respectively, with only three patients exhibiting MBLs exceeding 1 mm and only one implant with a peri‐implantitis diagnosis. Patients in both groups showed a high degree of satisfaction, and implants in both groups harboured a similar proportion and counts of measured periodontal pathogens. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding any of the radiographic, clinical or microbiological variables. Conclusions At the three‐year follow‐up, both implant groups demonstrated high peri‐implant bone stability, as well as a low incidence of peri‐implant diseases. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT05010382). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05010382?cond=peri‐implantitis&cntry=ES&city=Madrid&draw=2&rank=5