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Delineation of xenobiotic substrate sites in rat glutathione S‐transferase M1‐1
Author(s) -
Hearne Jennifer L.,
Colman Roberta F.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
protein science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.353
H-Index - 175
eISSN - 1469-896X
pISSN - 0961-8368
DOI - 10.1110/ps.051651905
Subject(s) - chemistry , substrate (aquarium) , enzyme , stereochemistry , active site , substrate analog , glutathione , biochemistry , binding site , xenobiotic , residue (chemistry) , biology , ecology
Glutathione S‐transferases catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with endogenous and exogenous xenobiotics. Hu and Colman (1995) proposed that there are two distinct substrate sites in rat GST M1‐1, a 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dintrobenzene (CDNB) substrate site located in the vicinity of tyrosine‐115, and a monobromobimane (mBBr) substrate site. To determine whether the mBBr substrate site is distinguishable from the CDNB substrate site, we tested S‐(hydroxyethyl)bimane, a nonreactive derivative of mBBr, for its ability to compete kinetically with the substrates. We find that S‐(hydroxyethyl)bimane is a competitive inhibitor (K I = 0.36 μM) when mBBr is used as substrate, but not when CDNB is used as substrate, demonstrating that these two sites are distinct. Using site‐directed mutagenesis, we have localized the mBBr substrate site to an area midway through α‐helix 4 (residues 90–114) and have identified residues that are important in the enzymatic reaction. Substitution of alanine at positions along α‐helix 4 reveals that mutations at positions 103, 104, and 109 exhibit a greater perturbation of the enzymatic reaction with mBBr than with CDNB as substrate. Various other substitutions at positions 103 and 104 reveal that a hydrophobic residue is necessary at each of these positions to maintain optimal affinity of the enzyme for mBBr and preserve the secondary structure of the enzyme. Substitutions at position 109 indicate that this residue is important in the enzyme's affinity for mBBr but has a minimal effect on V max . These results demonstrate that the promiscuity of rat GST M1‐1 is in part due to at least two distinct substrate sites.