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Local Pulse Wave Velocity Assessment by Flow-Guided Nanosensor Networks for Early Diagnosing and Localization of Atherosclerosis
Author(s) -
Masoud Asghari,
Rafael Asorey-Cacheda
Publication year - 2025
Publication title -
ieee sensors journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Magazines
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.681
H-Index - 121
eISSN - 1558-1748
pISSN - 1530-437X
DOI - 10.1109/jsen.2025.3594100
Subject(s) - signal processing and analysis , communication, networking and broadcast technologies , components, circuits, devices and systems , robotics and control systems
Atherosclerosis is the thickening or hardening of the arteries. Local pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important biomarker for determining localized vessel stiffness, allowing early diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Nanotechnology is enabling the development of nanoscale devices called nanobots, and with the latest advancements in miniaturized electromagnetic transceivers, the nanobots can communicate with each other and also a gateway in the Terahertz band. Flow-guided intrabody nanosensor networks are intended to deploy plenty of nanobots in the bloodstream of the human body to finely monitor sensitive biological/physical parameters and transfer this data to a gateway implanted in human tissue. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for the measurement of relative local PWV change through blood vessels by utilizing a chain of nanobots in the central sub-stream of the blood flow, which has the potential for early atherosclerosis diagnosis and monitoring. The proposed framework considers the laminar flow of the blood, exploits the piezoelectric effect of the nanogenerators for the detection of blood pressure waves, identifies the central nanobots, calculates nanobot-to-nanobot PWV traveling duration in a chain of nanobots throughout the blood vessels, and compares these PWV traveling durations in two different time/locations to detect stiff regions of the blood vessels in which the relative PWV is higher. An incremental travel duration of PWV is also utilized in the chain of nanobots to locate the stiff regions.We study the practicality and accuracy of different aspects of the proposed framework analytically and show the required values of the parameters for feasible results.

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