Survey of Supercapacitor Energy Storage Technology, Modeling and Ancillary Service Applications in Low-Carbon Power Systems | Zendy

Karlo Kobescak | Zendy; Tomislav Baskarad | Zendy; Igor Kuzle | Zendy

Open Access

Survey of Supercapacitor Energy Storage Technology, Modeling and Ancillary Service Applications in Low-Carbon Power Systems

Author(s) -

Karlo Kobescak,

Tomislav Baskarad,

Igor Kuzle

Publication year - 2025

Publication title -

ieee access

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Magazines

SCImago Journal Rank - 0.587

H-Index - 127

eISSN - 2169-3536

DOI - 10.1109/access.2025.3637507

Subject(s) - aerospace , bioengineering , communication, networking and broadcast technologies , components, circuits, devices and systems , computing and processing , engineered materials, dielectrics and plasmas , engineering profession , fields, waves and electromagnetics , general topics for engineers , geoscience , nuclear engineering , photonics and electrooptics , power, energy and industry applications , robotics and control systems , signal processing and analysis , transportation

The increasing share of renewable energy sources in electricity generation has reduced the presence of conventional rotating machines while increasing the share of converter-connected units. As a result, the overall system strength and inertia are reduced, making power systems more vulnerable to instability. To ensure reliable and secure operation, new technologies and novel, fast-acting ancillary services are being considered to replicate the inherent behavior of synchronous generators. Among the potential solutions, supercapacitor-based energy storage systems stand out due to their unique characteristics, particularly their ability to deliver rapid power support. This paper provides a comprehensive review of supercapacitor technology with a focus on applications in power systems. It examines their advantages and limitations, evaluates the shortcomings of existing studies, and summarizes the main performance metrics and integration possibilities. In addition, this paper also highlights research contributions that explore the use of supercapacitors for frequency-related as well as non-frequency ancillary services. Key challenges are identified, and directions for future research are proposed, with the aim of advancing the role of supercapacitors in enhancing power system stability.

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