The Brainwave Interaction of Dual-Person Collaborative Tasks in a Virtual Reality Environmental Game

Inter-brain synchronization has emerged as a key neural mechanism supporting social interaction, encompassing processes such as joint attention, action coordination, and mirror neuron activity. This study investigates neural coupling during cooperative task execution in a virtual reality (VR) environment using EEG-based hyperscanning. Twelve participants were randomly assigned into six dyads to complete a collaborative Tower of Hanoi task, with brain activity recorded via an 8-channel electroencephalography (EEG) system. Inter-brain connectivity was quantified using Phase Locking Value (PLV) and power spectral density (PSD) ratios (β₁/α, β₂/α, β₃/α). The results revealed consistent leader–follower dynamics, with high-performing dyads exhibiting significantly elevated PLV values in the β₁ and β₃ bands. These patterns reflect enhanced cognitive alignment and efficient neural coordination. The findings highlight the utility of EEG-based inter-brain metrics as indicators of collaboration fluency and offer implications for neuroadaptive training systems, performance monitoring, and human–machine interaction frameworks.