Enhancing Observability in Distribution Grids: A Novel Approach to Mitigate Cyberattack Risks in Smart Grid Environments

This paper stresses the need for precise observability in distribution grids, especially with the integration of smart grid technologies, which introduces new cyberattack vulnerabilities. In response, this paper introduces an innovative approach designed to heighten observability within distribution systems and enhance their resilience against False Data Injection (FDI) cyberattacks. Central to this approach is the introduction of a novel index to quantify the reduction in observability caused by FDI attacks. Distinguishing itself from existing techniques, the proposed approach encompasses three vital components: optimizing monitoring device allocation to minimize costs and enhance observability, FDI detection through existing monitoring devices employing probability density functions (PDF) curves, and the strategic allocation of monitoring devices while considering the impact of an attack on observability. The approach’s validation is performed via tests on a typical distribution system, with varying numbers of monitoring devices and FDI scenarios, consistently delivering significantly improved observability and estimation accuracy. The research findings provide valuable insights into the proactive management of FDI threats, fortifying system integrity, resulting in cost savings, and operational efficiency. Simulation outcomes underscore that optimal allocation of nine monitoring devices in the system under study achieves observability losses and FDI impact index (FDI3) values below 10% and 5%, respectively.