Scalable Mobility Proactive-Reactive Load Balancing (PRLB) Algorithm for High-Density Environments of Future Wireless Networks | Zendy

Mustafa Mohammed Hasan Alkalsh | Zendy; Adrian Kliks | Zendy

Open Access

Scalable Mobility Proactive-Reactive Load Balancing (PRLB) Algorithm for High-Density Environments of Future Wireless Networks

Author(s) -

Mustafa Mohammed Hasan Alkalsh,

Adrian Kliks

Publication year - 2025

Publication title -

ieee access

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Magazines

SCImago Journal Rank - 0.587

H-Index - 127

eISSN - 2169-3536

DOI - 10.1109/access.2025.3596682

Subject(s) - aerospace , bioengineering , communication, networking and broadcast technologies , components, circuits, devices and systems , computing and processing , engineered materials, dielectrics and plasmas , engineering profession , fields, waves and electromagnetics , general topics for engineers , geoscience , nuclear engineering , photonics and electrooptics , power, energy and industry applications , robotics and control systems , signal processing and analysis , transportation

Mobile networks are Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) comprised of different cell types, including small cells that can suffer from imbalanced load distribution caused by unexpected surges in user density and user mobility across small cells. This can lead to network performance degradation due to several factors, the most important of which are decreased handover (HO) success rates and increased HO-related issues. To mitigate performance fluctuations, especially in ultra-dense user environments like Karbala City during significant events, this research paper proposes a novel Proactive-Reactive Load Balancing (PRLB) algorithm. The PRLB algorithm considers dynamic adjustments of HO controllable (HOC) parameters of the overloaded cell and its adjacent cells. It activates when any cell’s load, measured based on the Physical Resource Block (PRB) utilization ratio, reaches the overload (OL) state representing the proactive mechanism. At the same time, the reactive mechanism reviews and analyzes the load records of the network cells during specific time intervals for potential offloading. Dynamic thresholds, determined based on overall network load conditions, are utilized to identify loaded cells and determine the offloading ratio. The PRLB algorithm through extensive simulations, demonstrates a significant reduction in the OL scenarios duration, achieves effective load distribution across HetNets, and improves overall network performance by reducing attach failures, HO failures (HOF), radio-link failures (RLF), and HO ping-pong (HOPP) events.

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