Quantitative Analysis of Operator Influence on IEC 61000-4-2 Indirect ESD Testing and Recommendations for Enhanced Reproducibility | Zendy

Panagiotis K. Papastamatis | Zendy; Eleni P. Nicolopoulou | Zendy; Christos A. Christodoulou | Zendy; Ioannis F. Gonos | Zendy

Open Access

Quantitative Analysis of Operator Influence on IEC 61000-4-2 Indirect ESD Testing and Recommendations for Enhanced Reproducibility

Author(s) -

Panagiotis K. Papastamatis,

Eleni P. Nicolopoulou,

Christos A. Christodoulou,

Ioannis F. Gonos

Publication year - 2025

Publication title -

ieee access

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Magazines

SCImago Journal Rank - 0.587

H-Index - 127

eISSN - 2169-3536

DOI - 10.1109/access.2025.3596287

Subject(s) - aerospace , bioengineering , communication, networking and broadcast technologies , components, circuits, devices and systems , computing and processing , engineered materials, dielectrics and plasmas , engineering profession , fields, waves and electromagnetics , general topics for engineers , geoscience , nuclear engineering , photonics and electrooptics , power, energy and industry applications , robotics and control systems , signal processing and analysis , transportation

The reproducibility of system-level electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing per IEC 61000-4-2 remains challenged by waveform variability, notably in the second peak region, partly due to human operator influence. Although recent Standard revisions introduce parameters like I P2 , operator effects during indirect discharges are still unaddressed. This study examines human presence impacts on ESD waveforms during indirect discharges to horizontal and vertical coupling planes, using a SpaceWire link as the device under test. Injected and shield currents were measured under various operator conditions, alongside tests in operator-free setups with different grounding cable arrangements and protective bodywear. Results confirm significant operator-induced waveform alterations. While operator-free setups reduce variability, grounding cable layout remains crucial. Standardized, operator-free configurations with defined grounding are recommended. Where manual operation is unavoidable, ESD gloves and shoes partially improve test consistency.

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