Enhanced Stability of Cislunar-based Small Satellite Constellations via Preferential-EKF

In the NewSpace era, space systems and implementation methodologies are rapidly evolving due to rising competition and the need for robust, value-added satellite operations in Cislunar space. Small satellites play a key role in this transition, addressing Earth-based applications and supporting deep space exploration. This paper addresses a critical challenge: ensuring stable relative motion within small satellite constellations tasked with coordinated operations in dynamic orbital environments. Maintaining precise relative orbital positioning is essential for reliable data delivery with minimal latency. To address this, a novel Preferential-EKF technique is proposed that is an autonomous enhancement of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) that enables self-organizing behavior in the presence of both known and unknown in-orbit anomalies. The method incorporates key dynamical effects of the Cislunar environment, including J2 perturbations, atmospheric drag, solar radiation pressure, and proximity interactions with debris and other satellites. A comprehensive analysis of orbital stability, supported by detailed simulations and parametric studies, demonstrates the technique’s effectiveness. The results validate the Preferential-EKF’s role in improving constellation coordination and resilience. This approach underscores the growing importance of autonomy in future Cislunar operations involving small satellite constellations.