Open AccessComprehensive Design, Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Forming Type IV Wind Turbine Generators using State-Space Methods
Author(s) -
Harith E. Udawatte,
Mohammad H. Ravanji,
Behrooz Bahrani
Publication year - 2025
Publication title -
ieee access
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Magazines
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.587
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 2169-3536
DOI - 10.1109/access.2025.3572885
Subject(s) - aerospace , bioengineering , communication, networking and broadcast technologies , components, circuits, devices and systems , computing and processing , engineered materials, dielectrics and plasmas , engineering profession , fields, waves and electromagnetics , general topics for engineers , geoscience , nuclear engineering , photonics and electrooptics , power, energy and industry applications , robotics and control systems , signal processing and analysis , transportation
Grid-forming (GFM) control has emerged as a promising solution to the challenges posed by the increasing reliance on inverter-based resources (IBRs). However, unlike in a battery-based IBR, the implementation of GFM in wind turbine generators (WTGs) introduces challenges due to multiple machine-side converter (MSC) and grid-side converter (GSC) interactions. In this work, a GFM-WTG control structure is adopted in which the MSC primarily regulates the DC-link voltage, while the GSC emulates grid-forming behavior using virtual synchronous generator principles. Accordingly, this paper presents a practical control implementation scheme and a systematic small-signal modeling framework for GFM WTGs using the component connection method, enabling a unified state-space representation that captures key electromechanical, aerodynamic and control interactions inside the GFM-WTG system. The proposed model is validated through electromagnetic transient simulations, and eigenvalue and participation factor analyses reveal strong MSC-GSC inter-dependencies. Sensitivity analysis further confirms model accuracy across varying operating conditions. Additionally, a reduced-order model is derived to balance computational efficiency with dynamic fidelity. The findings provide a robust foundation for stability analysis and control tuning of GFM WTGs, supporting their reliable integration into future power grids.