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Targeting the innate immune receptor TLR8 using small‐molecule agents
Author(s) -
Sakaniwa Kentaro,
Shimizu Toshiyuki
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
acta crystallographica section d
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 7.374
H-Index - 138
ISSN - 2059-7983
DOI - 10.1107/s2059798320006518
Subject(s) - innate immune system , tlr7 , receptor , pattern recognition receptor , immune system , toll like receptor , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , computational biology , chemistry , immunology , biochemistry
Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are pattern‐recognition receptors that initiate innate immune responses. Among the TLRs, TLR8 (and TLR7) recognizes single‐stranded RNA to mediate downstream signals. In recent years, intensive X‐ray crystal structural analyses have provided atomic insights into structures of TLR8 complexed with various agonists or antagonists. Here, structural knowledge of the activation and inactivation mechanisms of the ligands is reviewed. In addition, the potential clinical applications of TLR ligands are examined.