Open AccessHIPPIE: a new platform for ambient‐pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the MAX IV Laboratory
Author(s) -
Zhu Suyun,
Scardamaglia Mattia,
Kundsen Jan,
Sankari Rami,
Tarawneh Hamed,
Temperton Robert,
Pickworth Louisa,
Cavalca Filippo,
Wang Chunlei,
Tissot Héloïse,
Weissenrieder Jonas,
Hagman Benjamin,
Gustafson Johan,
Kaya Sarp,
Lindgren Fredrik,
Källquist Ida,
Maibach Julia,
Hahlin Maria,
Boix Virginia,
Gallo Tamires,
Rehman Foqia,
D'Acunto Giulio,
Schnadt Joachim,
Shavorskiy Andrey
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of synchrotron radiation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.172
H-Index - 99
ISSN - 1600-5775
DOI - 10.1107/s160057752100103x
Subject(s) - x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , ambient pressure , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , spectroscopy , optics , materials science , physics , nuclear magnetic resonance , chromatography , quantum mechanics , thermodynamics
HIPPIE is a soft X‐ray beamline on the 3 GeV electron storage ring of the MAX IV Laboratory, equipped with a novel ambient‐pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) instrument. The endstation is dedicated to performing in situ and operando X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments in the presence of a controlled gaseous atmosphere at pressures up to 30 mbar [1 mbar = 100 Pa] as well as under ultra‐high‐vacuum conditions. The photon energy range is 250 to 2200 eV in planar polarization and with photon fluxes >10 12 photons s −1 (500 mA ring current) at a resolving power of greater than 10000 and up to a maximum of 32000. The endstation currently provides two sample environments: a catalysis cell and an electrochemical/liquid cell. The former allows APXPS measurements of solid samples in the presence of a gaseous atmosphere (with a mixture of up to eight gases and a vapour of a liquid) and simultaneous analysis of the inlet/outlet gas composition by online mass spectrometry. The latter is a more versatile setup primarily designed for APXPS at the solid–liquid (dip‐and‐pull setup) or liquid–gas (liquid microjet) interfaces under full electrochemical control, and it can also be used as an open port for ad hoc ‐designed non‐standard APXPS experiments with different sample environments. The catalysis cell can be further equipped with an IR reflection–absorption spectrometer, allowing for simultaneous APXPS and IR spectroscopy of the samples. The endstation is set up to easily accommodate further sample environments.