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Information gain from isotopic contrast variation in neutron reflectometry on protein–membrane complex structures
Author(s) -
Heinrich Frank,
Kienzle Paul A.,
Hoogerheide David P.,
Lösche Mathias
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of applied crystallography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.429
H-Index - 162
ISSN - 1600-5767
DOI - 10.1107/s1600576720005634
Subject(s) - neutron reflectometry , reflectometry , scattering , neutron scattering , optics , biological small angle scattering , small angle neutron scattering , information gain , focus (optics) , materials science , computational physics , biological system , physics , computer science , artificial intelligence , time domain , computer vision , biology
A framework is applied to quantify information gain from neutron or X‐ray reflectometry experiments [Treece, Kienzle, Hoogerheide, Majkrzak, Lösche & Heinrich (2019). J. Appl. Cryst . 52 , 47–59], in an in‐depth investigation into the design of scattering contrast in biological and soft‐matter surface architectures. To focus the experimental design on regions of interest, the marginalization of the information gain with respect to a subset of model parameters describing the structure is implemented. Surface architectures of increasing complexity from a simple model system to a protein–lipid membrane complex are simulated. The information gain from virtual surface scattering experiments is quantified as a function of the scattering length density of molecular components of the architecture and the surrounding aqueous bulk solvent. It is concluded that the information gain is mostly determined by the local scattering contrast of a feature of interest with its immediate molecular environment, and experimental design should primarily focus on this region. The overall signal‐to‐noise ratio of the measured reflectivity modulates the information gain globally and is a second factor to be taken into consideration.