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Best practices for operando depth‐resolving battery experiments
Author(s) -
Liu Hao,
Li Zhuo,
Grenier Antonin,
Kamm Gabrielle E.,
Yin Liang,
Mattei Gerard S.,
Cosby Monty R.,
Khalifah Peter G.,
Chupas Peter J.,
Chapman Karena W.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of applied crystallography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.429
H-Index - 162
ISSN - 1600-5767
DOI - 10.1107/s1600576719016315
Subject(s) - traverse , profiling (computer programming) , perpendicular , materials science , electrode , optics , computer science , chemistry , physics , geometry , geology , mathematics , geodesy , operating system
Operando studies that probe how electrochemical reactions propagate through a battery provide valuable feedback for optimizing the electrode architecture and for mitigating reaction heterogeneity. Transmission‐geometry depth‐profiling measurements carried out with the beam directed parallel to the battery layers – in a radial geometry – can provide quantitative structural insights that resolve depth‐dependent reaction heterogeneity which are not accessible from conventional transmission measurements that traverse all battery layers. However, these spatially resolved measurements are susceptible to aberrations that do not affect conventional perpendicular‐beam studies. Key practical considerations that can impact the interpretation of synchrotron depth‐profiling studies, which are related to the signal‐to‐noise ratio, cell alignment and lateral heterogeneity, are described. Strategies to enable accurate quantification of state of charge during rapid depth‐profiling studies are presented.