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Versatile electrochemical cell for Li/Na‐ion batteries and high‐throughput setup for combined operando X‐ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy
Author(s) -
Sottmann Jonas,
Homs-Regojo Roberto,
Wragg David S.,
Fjellvåg Helmer,
Margadonna Serena,
Emerich Hermann
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of applied crystallography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.429
H-Index - 162
ISSN - 1600-5767
DOI - 10.1107/s160057671601428x
Subject(s) - xanes , materials science , electrochemistry , anode , extended x ray absorption fine structure , cathode , electrode , electrochemical cell , absorption (acoustics) , intercalation (chemistry) , analytical chemistry (journal) , absorption spectroscopy , x ray absorption spectroscopy , chemical engineering , spectroscopy , chemistry , inorganic chemistry , optics , physics , quantum mechanics , composite material , chromatography , engineering
A fundamental understanding of de/intercalation processes (single phase versus multi‐phase), structural stability and voltage–composition profiles is pivotal for optimization of electrode materials for rechargeable non‐aqueous batteries. A fully operational setup (electrochemical cells, sample changer and interfacing software) that enables combined quasi‐simultaneous operando X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and absorption (XANES and EXAFS) measurements coupled with electrochemical characterization is presented. Combined XRD, XANES and EXAFS analysis provides a deep insight into the working mechanisms of electrode materials, as shown for the high‐voltage Li insertion cathode material LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 and the high‐capacity sodium conversion anode material Bi 2 S 3 . It is also demonstrated that the cell design can be used for in‐house XRD characterization. Long‐term cycling experiments on both Li and Na electrode materials prove the hermeticity and chemical stability of the design as a versatile operando electrochemical cell.